Causes of Varicose Veins in Adults

Varicose veins, also called varicoses or varicosities, happen when your veins become enlarged, dilated, and overfilled with blood. Varicose veins typically appear swollen and raised, and they’re bluish-purple or red in color. They’re often painful and may appear swollen. Varicose veins are a condition common in women, although over 30 percent of all adults have them as well. In most cases, varicose veins appear on the lower legs. The veins there are the farthest from the heart, and gravity makes it harder for the blood to flow upward.

Caused by weakened valves, varicose veins develop when your veins lose their elasticity and when they stretch or become otherwise enlarged. This causes the valves to leak inside, allowing blood to flow backward towards the feet. (Normally, one-way valves in your veins keep blood flowing from your legs up to your heart. When these valves do not work as they should, blood collects in your legs, and pressure builds up.) The vein swells with extra blood, and over time, this causes further damage. The veins become weak, large, and twisted. Extra blood and fluid in the swollen vein seeps into the surrounding tissue and gives rise to symptoms of varicose veins, like those sensations of leg tiredness and heaviness, and everyone’s favorite: swollen ankles. If the condition is long-standing, tissue cells can even become damaged, giving rise to further complications.

Other causes of varicose veins include:

1. Pregnancy
2. Menopause
3. Advanced age (50+)
4. Standing for long periods of time
5. Obesity
6. Family history of varicose veins

*In rare cases, varicose veins may develop as a result of a tumor in the pelvis or clots in the deep veins of the legs, called deep vein thrombosis.

While these are not ‘official’ causes, the following are worth noting, too**. Your chances of developing varicose veins increase if you’re:

• On your feet all day – particularly if you are standing a lot rather than walking around

• Have a sedentary lifestyle – exercise helps to pump blood up from the legs
• Pregnant – there are a number of reasons for this. The change in hormones during pregnancy causes all tissues in the body to relax, and this also happens in veins. In addition, as the baby increases in size, extra pressure is exerted on the veins in the pelvic region, partially obstructing the flow of blood from the legs. Varicose veins are more likely to appear during the second half of pregnancy. Additionally, the more babies you have had, the higher your chances of developing varicose veins. Each pregnancy increases the likelihood of damage to the veins
• Overweight – being overweight is associated with varicose veins, particularly in women, although the exact reason for this is not yet fully understood
• Suffer long-standing constipation – constipation has a similar effect on the pelvic region as pregnancy – blood flow from the legs is partially obstructed. As well as the increased tendency for varicose veins to develop, you will have a higher chance of developing hemorrhoids
• A full bladder – some people are not able to empty their bladders completely. One likely cause of this in men over the age of 50 is an enlarged prostate.

**Although many factors are known to contribute to the development of varicose veins, they can also appear without any clear reason or trigger.